Nieuwe aanwinsten Geesteswetenschappen: jul - sep 2022

Translating Nature recasts the era of early modern science as an age not of discovery but of translation. As Iberian and Protestant empires expanded across the Americas, colonial travelers encountered, translated, and reinterpreted Amerindian traditions of knowledge--knowledge that was later translated by the British, reading from Spanish and Portuguese texts. Translations of natural and ethnographic knowledge therefore took place across multiple boundaries--linguistic, cultural, and geographical--and produced, through their transmissions, the discoveries that characterize the early modern era. In the process, however, the identities of many of the original bearers of knowledge were lost or hidden in translation. The essays in Translating Nature explore the crucial role that the translation of philosophical and epistemological ideas played in European scientific exchanges with American Indians; the ethnographic practices and methods that facilitated appropriation of Amerindian knowledge; the ideas and practices used to record, organize, translate, and conceptualize Amerindian naturalist knowledge; and the persistent presence and influence of Amerindian and Iberian naturalist and medical knowledge in the development of early modern natural history. Contributors highlight the global nature of the history of science, the mobility of knowledge in the early modern era, and the foundational roles that Native Americans, Africans, and European Catholics played in this age of translation.

Women played an important part in Pythagorean communities, so Greek sources from the Classical era to Byzantium consistently maintain. Pseudonymous philosophical texts by Theano, Pythagoras' disciple or wife, his daughter Myia, and other female Pythagoreans, circulated in Greek and Syriac. Far from being individual creations, these texts rework and revise a standard Pythagorean script. What can we learn from this network of sayings, philosophical treatises, and letters about gender and knowledge in the Greek intellectual tradition? Can these writings represent the work of historical Pythagorean women? If so, can we find in them a critique of the dominant order or strategies of resistance? In search of answers to these questions, Pythagorean Women Philosophers examines Plato's dialogues, fragmentary historians, and little-known testimonies to women's contributions to Pythagorean thought. Adopting Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutics, Dutsch approaches such testimonies with a mixture of suspicion and belief. This approach allows the reader to alternate critique of the epistemic regimes that produced ancient texts with a hopeful reading, one which recognizes female knowledge and agency. Dutsch contends that the value of the Pythagorean text-network lies not in what it may represent but in what it is — a fictionalized version of Greek intellectual history that makes place for women philosophers. The book traces this alternative history, challenging us to rethink our own account of the past.

A spellbinding look at the philosophical and moral implications of animal dreaming. Are humans the only dreamers on Earth? What goes on in the minds of animals when they sleep? When Animals Dream brings together behavioral and neuroscientific research on animal sleep with philosophical theories of dreaming. It shows that dreams provide an invaluable window into the cognitive and emotional lives of nonhuman animals, giving us access to a seemingly inaccessible realm of animal experience. David Peña-Guzmán uncovers evidence of animal dreaming throughout the scientific literature, suggesting that many animals run "reality simulations" while asleep, with a dream-ego moving through a dynamic and coherent dreamscape. He builds a convincing case for animals as conscious beings and examines the thorny scientific, philosophical, and ethical questions it raises. Once we accept that animals dream, we incur a host of moral obligations and have no choice but to rethink our views about who animals are and the interior lives they lead. A mesmerizing journey into the otherworldly domain of nonhuman consciousness, When Animals Dream carries profound implications for contemporary debates about animal cognition, animal ethics, and animal rights, challenging us to regard animals as beings who matter, and for whom things matter.

The Yearbook of Muslims in Europe is an essential resource for analysis of Europe's dynamic Muslim populations. This comprehensive annual reference work summarizes significant activities, trends and developments, and features the most current statistical information available from more than 40 European countries.

The attitudes of societies towards ageism in an aging Europe have now become a social phenomenon. This study, which examines and deals with this phenomenon in various European countries, provides an opportunity to analyze the dimensions of ageism in different contexts. Based on these analyses, the exposure levels of older individuals to ageism in aging societies and the discriminatory attitudes of younger generations have been revealed. The book aims to make contributions to the field of ageism in European countries and contains a brief literature review on ageism and descriptive analyses in country context. As part of the project the project 'WISELIFE: Raising Awareness About Ageism' funded by EU ERASMUS+, this book investigates the concept of ageism in Turkey, Hungary, Poland and Italy.

In zijn nieuwe essay ‘De palliatieve maatschappij’ werpt Byung-Chul Han een kritisch licht op onze hedendaagse maatschappij. Dit essay gaat over ‘algofobie’ – een alomtegenwoordige angst voor pijn. Aan conflicten en controversen, die tot pijnlijke gesprekken leiden, wordt in onze samenleving steeds minder ruimte geboden. Zelfs liefdespijn is iets waar we bang voor zijn. Ook de politiek is in de greep van dit fenomeen. Conformiteitsdwang en consensusdruk nemen de overhand. Met het oog hierop analyseert Han in dit essay ook de corona-epidemie.

Abstracte kunst heeft vaak concrete wortels. Ervaringen in de echte wereld, stelt kunsthistoricus Pepe Karmel, liggen bijna altijd ten grondslag aan abstracte uitingen. Dit boek is een gedurfde nieuwe verkenning van de oorsprong en evolutie van een invloedrijke kunststroming. Voor het eerst wordt er dieper ingegaan op de oorsprong van het abstracte. Abstracte kunst gaat over mannelijke én vrouwelijke kunstenaars, uit alle windstreken, en altijd wordt hun werk besproken in relatie tot sociale, politieke en culturele veranderingen. Niet chronologisch, maar thematisch en gecategoriseerd op onderwerp gaan we de geschiedenis tegemoet. Karmel focust op het onderwerp, en toont hoe de kunstenaars zich uiten via hun abstracte beeldtaal. Lichamen en landschappen, kosmologieën en kalligrafie, architectuur en patronen. Van de pioniers tot de protegés van het genre – Kazimir Malevich, Hilma af Klint, Wassily Kadinsky, Ibrahim El-Salahi, Carlos Cruz-Diez, Bridget Riely, Anni Albers, Sean Scully, Julie Methretu en Wu Guanzhong, om er maar een paar te noemen. Ook is er veel ruimte voor Nederlandse kunstenaars, vaak meesters van het abstracte – denk bijvoorbeeld aan Piet Mondriaan, die zelf meende al vóór Jan van Eyck abstractie in Nederlandse werken te herkennen, en Bart van der Leck.

Furniture is an artifact, so what can it tell us about culture? What social, religious, political and economic factors have shaped its form and functions? How does furniture demonstrate the transformations in private and public life across time and cultures? In a work that spans 4,500 years, 70 experts chart across six volumes the changing cultural framework within which furniture was designed, produced, and used in Western Europe.
The six volumes cover:
1 - Antiquity (2500 BCE - 500 CE)
2 - Middle Ages and Renaissance (500 - 1500)
3 - Age of Exploration (1500 - 1700)
4 - Age of Enlightenment (1700 - 1800)
5 - Age of Empire and Industry (1800 - 1900)
6 - Modern Age (1900 - present)
Themes (and chapter titles) are: Design and Motifs; Makers, Making, and Materials; Types and Uses; The Domestic Setting; The Public Setting; Exhibition and Display; Furniture and Architecture; Visual Representations; and Verbal Representations.

Die Einheit brachte Vielfalt – Freiheit, aber auch Unsicherheit. 30 Jahre nach dem Mauerfall und der Vereinigung Deutschlands ist es an der Zeit, die vielfältigen Umbrüche und Entwicklungen neu zu vermessen. Sie prägen – und belasten – die politische und gesellschaftliche Gegenwart und stellen gerade auch die zeithistorische Forschung vor enorme Herausforderungen. Wie hat sich Deutschland seit 1990 verändert? Welche Bilanz lässt sich hinsichtlich der politischen, sozialen und kulturellen Folgen der Vereinigung ziehen? Und wie sind diese mit der Entwicklung in Europa und der Welt verbunden? Darüber debattieren Marianne Birthler, Norbert Frei, Philipp Ther und Ton Nijhuis, eingeleitet und kommentiert von Christina Morina und Konrad H. Jarausch.

The Romance languages and dialects constitute a treasure trove of linguistic data of profound interest and significance. Data from the Romance languages have contributed extensively to our current empirical and theoretical understanding of phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, and historical linguistics. Written by a team of world-renowned scholars, this Handbook explores what we can learn about linguistics from the study of Romance languages, and how the body of comparative and historical data taken from them can be applied to linguistic study. It also offers insights into the diatopic and diachronic variation exhibited by the Romance family of languages, of a kind unparalleled for any other Western languages. By asking what Romance languages can do for linguistics, this Handbook is essential reading for all linguists interested in the insights that a knowledge of the Romance evidence can provide for general issues in linguistic theory.

Wie zijn we? Waar komen we vandaan? Luister naar de liedjes en blader tegelijkertijd door dit boek. Op Veurvaajers neemt vooral historicus, erfgoedspecialist en liedjesmaker Chris Dols (1985) zijn familiegeschiedenis onder de loep. Om erachter te komen hoe bepaalde vertellingen en zekere kernwaarden – hard werken, zelfontplooiing, niet opgeven, kansen grijpen, jezelf nuttig maken – vanuit de laatste generaties aan hem en zijn tweelingbroer Stijn zijn doorgegeven. In treffende miniatuurtjes over hun voorouders, telkens passend muzikaal omlijst en gezongen in onvervalst Limburgs dialect, voeren zij je mee in hun stamboom. Door de alledaagse gebeurtenissen die zij vertellen, roepen zij een wereld van weerbaarheid op die vaak vreemd lijkt maar tegelijkertijd opvallend vertrouwd.

In this extensively revised third edition of The Viking Age: A Reader, Somerville and McDonald successfully bring the Vikings and their world to life for twenty-first-century students and instructors. The diversity of the Viking era is revealed through the remarkable range and variety of sources presented as well as the geographical and chronological coverage of the readings. The third edition has been reorganized into fifteen chapters. Many sources have been added, including material on gender and warrior women, and a completely new final chapter traces the continuing cultural influence of the Vikings to the present day. The use of visual material has been expanded, and updated maps illustrate historical developments throughout the Viking Age. The English translations of Norse texts, many of them new to this collection, are straightforward and easily accessible, while chapter introductions contextualize the readings.