Nieuwe aanwinsten Geesteswetenschappen: apr - jun 2021

De Italiaanse filosoof Giorgio Agamben is onder meer bekend geworden door zijn Homo sacer-theorie. Homines sacri zijn volgens Agamben 'heilige mensen' die uit de samenleving zijn verbannen, zoals terroristen, vluchtelingen en comapatiënten. Door zijn in de loop van 2020 verschenen corona-interventies heeft de filosofie van Agamben opnieuw aan actualiteit gewonnen. Deze filosofie is uiterst controversieel: Agamben schrikt er niet voor terug om in de context van de corona-maatregelen te reppen van de uitzonderingstoestand, een ander veelvuldig door hem gebruikt concept. Hij stelt dat de autoriteiten in de westerse samenlevingen al decennialang de neiging hebben die uitzonderingstoestand permanent te maken, zodat de democratie buitenspel wordt gezet en de vrijheid het nakijken heeft. Hij denkt dat de moderne mens, uit vrees voor een redelijk abstracte dreiging als een virus, bereid is zijn vrijheid op te geven omwille van zijn naakte overleving. In deze bundel zijn twintig recente essays van Agamben verzameld, waarin hij diverse aspecten van zijn filosofie nader uitwerkt aan de hand van concrete voorbeelden.

Psychologists, economists, historians, computer scientists, sociologists, philosophers, and legal scholars explore the conscious choice not to seek information.
The history of intellectual thought abounds with claims that knowledge is valued and sought, yet individuals and groups often choose not to know. We call the conscious choice not to seek or use knowledge (or information) deliberate ignorance. When is this a virtue, when is it a vice, and what can be learned from formally modeling the underlying motives? On which normative grounds can it be judged? Which institutional interventions can promote or prevent it? In this book, psychologists, economists, historians, computer scientists, sociologists, philosophers, and legal scholars explore the scope of deliberate ignorance.

Dans la Divine comédie de Dante, un seul philosophe se trouve au sixième cercle de l'Enfer, au milieu des hérétiques : Épicure. Comment un penseur ayant vécu au ive siècle av. J.-C. peut-il être jugé ainsi ? En proposant une archéologie des représentations de l'épicurien dans les trois grandes religions monothéistes, Aurélien Robert retrace la longue élaboration des associations entre épicurisme et hédonisme, athéisme et hérésie, et leur transformation au Moyen Âge. Mais cette histoire en cache une autre, restée dans l'ombre d'une imposante littérature religieuse. Dès le XIIe siècle apparurent des tentatives de réhabilitation du philosophe grec, près de trois siècles avant la redécouverte de Lucrèce par Poggio Bracciolini. Ces témoignages de théologiens, de médecins, de philosophes présentent Épicure comme un grand sage, voire un modèle pour les chrétiens. Dans le même temps, sa pensée du plaisir retrouvait progressivement son prestige. Contrairement à une idée répandue, ce n'est pas le Moyen Âge qui inventa la caricature de l'épicurien. Plus encore, c'est à cette époque que l'on tenta de sauver Épicure et sa philosophie des enfers.

In the conventional dichotomy of chaste, pure Madonna and libidinous whore, the former has usually been viewed as the ideal form of femininity. However, there is a modern religious movement in which the negative stereotype of the harlot is inverted and exalted. The Eloquent Blood focuses on the changing construction of femininity and feminine sexuality in interpretations of the goddess Babalon. From the 1990s onwards, this study shows, female and LGBTQ esotericists have challenged historical interpretations of Babalon, drawing on feminist and queer thought and conceptualizing femininity in new ways.Tracing the trajectory of a particular gendered symbol from the fin-de-siecle until today, Manon Hedenborg White explores the changing role of women in Western esotericism, and shows how evolving constructions of gender have shaped the development of esotericism. Combining research on historical andcontemporary Western esotericism with feminist and queer theory, the book sheds new light on the ways in which esoteric movements and systems of thought have developed over time in relation to political movements.

Despite the fact that 99 percent of us work for a living and although work shapes us to the core, class and labor are topics that are underrepresented in the work of scholars of religion, theology, and the Bible. With this volume, an international group of scholars and activists from nine different countries is bringing issues of religion, class, and labor back into conversation. Historians and theologians investigate how new images of God and the world emerge, and what difference they can make. Biblical critics develop new takes on ancient texts that lead to the reversal of readings that had been seemingly stable, settled, and taken for granted. Activists and organizers identify neglected sources of power and energy returning in new force and point to transformations happening. Asking how labor and religion mutually shape each other and how the agency of working people operates in their lives, the contributors also employ intersectional approaches that engage race, gender, sexuality, and colonialism. This volume presents transdisciplinary, transtextual, transactional, transnational, and transgressive work in progress, much needed in our time.

There is a long and rich history of opinion centred on female prayer leadership in Islam that has occupied the minds of theologians and jurists alike. It includes outright prohibition, dislike, permissibility under certain conditions and, although rarely, unrestricted sanction, or even endorsement. This book discusses debates drawn from scholars of the formative period of Islam who engaged with the issue of female prayer leadership. Simonetta Calderini critically analyses their arguments, puts them into their historical context, and, for the first time, tracks down how they have informed current views on female imama (prayer leadership). In presenting the variety of opinions discussed in the past by Sunni and Shi'i scholars, and some of the Sufis among them, the book uncovers how they are, at present, being used selectively, depending on modern agendas and biases. It also reviews the roles and types of authority of current women imams in diverse contexts spanning from Asia, Africa and Europe to America.

Does your family or community speak more than one language? Do you wonder how to help your children successfully learn or keep those languages? Do you want your children to have the gift of bilingualism and aren't sure where to start - or how to keep going? Every multilingual family has unique language needs. Bilingual Families is a guide for you and your family. It combines academic research with practical advice to cover the essential elements in successful bilingual and multilingual development. Use this book to: Learn about language goals - and how to set them Create a 'living' family language plan that develops and grows with your family Learn how to talk about multilingualism with your children and other key people in your children's life, like teachers and relatives Recognise when you might need further support An indispensable guide for your family's language journey.

The question of "who were the Ottomans" has occupied many scholars over the last hundred years. The Ottoman Empire was a formidable force involved in European politics and commerce almost since its inception; yet, despite its prominence, the Ottomans are often not emphasized in narratives of medieval and early modern Europe. Beginning with an introduction to pre-Ottoman history, this book traces the emergence of the Ottoman Empire from the Turkic migrations out of Central Asia to their encounters with the Islamic world. It also explores the expansion of Ottoman rule not just into the Middle East but into the Balkans and North Africa. Uncovering the strategies behind the longevity of the Ottoman Empire, the author highlights the Empire's pragmatism and flexibility in governing over vast territories and diverse peoples. Beautifully illustrated, A Short History of the Ottoman Empire utilizes clear headings, themes, text boxes, primary source translations, and maps to assist students in understanding the Empire's history.

Nu standbeelden sneuvelen en ons koloniale verleden opnieuw tegen het licht wordt gehouden, is het hoog tijd om een bezem door de koloniale letteren te halen. Want wat moeten en mogen we nog lezen uit die besmette canon? Wie is het lezen nog waard, wie moeten we van de canonieke sokkel trekken? Na 'De nieuwe feministische leeslijst' en 'Jongens waren we' werpt 'De Groene Amsterdammer' een frisse blik op de literatuur over ons koloniale heden en verleden. Met bijdragen van onder anderen Alfred Schaffer, Maaike Meijer. Alfred Birney, Marja Pruis, Warda El-Kaddouri, Manon Uphoff, Gloria Wekker, Joost de Vries en Theodor Holman. Bundel essays van verschillende auteurs waarin zij kritisch kijken naar en de waarde proberen te bepalen van werken uit de Nederlandse koloniale literatuur.

Erasmus is een van de grootste auteurs van Nederland en België, en zelfs van heel Europa. Hij verpersoonlijkt de overgang van de middeleeuwen naar de moderne tijd. Zijn betekenis voor de literatuur- én wetenschapsgeschiedenis is immens. Erasmus’ duizenden brieven over onderwerpen als gewetensdwang en drukpersvrijheid hebben niets aan zeggingskracht ingeboet.
Het grootste deel van Erasmus’ leven en werk bleef tot nu toe onderbelicht. Sandra Langereis is de eerste biograaf die zijn levensverhaal recht doet door zijn enorme briefwisseling op de voet te volgen en de wording van zijn complete literaire erfenis te beschrijven. Ze toont hem als de sprankelende auteur van de Lof der zotheid en als brutale bijbelwetenschapper die het net zo hevig aan de stok kreeg met inquisiteurs als met Luther. Erasmus’ levensverhaal werpt licht op een bewogen tijdvak: een eeuw van felle humor en grof geweld, van religieus fanatisme en strijd voor intellectuele vrijheid. Deze rijke biografie maakt de actualiteit van geschiedenis invoelbaar.
Nooit kwam Erasmus geestiger, slimmer, scherper, dapperder, dwarser, bozer, banger en, in één woord, menselijker in beeld. En niet eerder werd Erasmus’ tijd levendiger voor het voetlicht gebracht dan in deze biografie.

Western interventions today have much in common with the countless violent conflicts that have occurred on Europe's periphery since the conquest of the Americas in the sixteenth century. Like their predecessors, modern imperial wars are shaped especially by spatial features and by pronounced asymmetries of military organisation, resources, modes of warfare and cultures of violence between the respective parties. Today's imperial wars are essentially civil wars, in which Western powers are only one player among many. As ever, the Western military machine is proving incapable of resolving political strife through force, or of engaging opponents with no reason to offer conventional combat, who instead rely on guerrilla warfare and terrorism. And, as they always have, local populations pay the price for these shortcomings. Colonial Violence aims to offer, for the first time, a coherent explanation of the logic of violent hostilities within the context of European expansion. Walter's analysis reveals parallels between different empires and continuities spanning historical epochs. He concludes that recent Western military interventions, from Afghanistan to Mali, are not new wars, but stand in the 500-year-old tradition of transcultural violent conflict, under the specific conditions of colonialism.

How and why branded bottles of water have insinuated themselves into our daily lives, and what the implications are for safe urban water supplies. Why did water become an economic good--no longer a common resource but a commercial product, in industry parlance a "fast moving consumer good," or FMCG? Plastic Water examines the processes behind this transformation. It goes beyond the usual political and environmental critiques of bottled water to investigate its multiplicity, examining a bottle of water's simultaneous existence as, among other things, a product, personal health resource, object of boycotts, and part of accumulating waste matter. Throughout, the book focuses on the ontological dimensions of drinking bottled water--the ways in which this habit enacts new relations and meanings that may interfere with other drinking water practices. The book considers the assemblage and emergence of a mass market for water, from the invention of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle in 1973 to the development of "hydration science" that accompanied the rise of jogging in the United States. It looks at what bottles do in the world, tracing drinking and disposal practices in three Asian cities with unreliable access to safe water: Bangkok, Chennai, and Hanoi. And it considers the possibility of ethical drinking, examining campaigns to "say no" to the bottle and promote the consumption of tap water in Canada, the United States, and Australia.